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Apuverbit 1

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Henriikka Laiho
Henriikka Laiho

Modals are auxiliary verbs that function as building blocks in different verb constructions. Their position in the sentence indicates whether it is a question or statement. There are two types of modals - non-inflecting (modal) verbs that only occur with main verbs, and inflecting verbs BE, HAVE, DO that can also function as main verbs. Modals have a limited set of forms while BE and HAVE inflect for tense, aspect and person. Common paraphrases are used when modals only have one or two forms. CAN, MAY, MUST can have different meanings depending on context. BE able to/BE allowed to are used with the base form of verbs while HAVE to takes the infinitive form.

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Apuverbien tehtävä on auttaa Apuverbit toimivat rakennuspalikoina erilaisissa verbirakenteissa. I must stay at home tonight. I don’t want to upset my parents any further. Niiden paikka lauseessa ilmaisee, onko kyseessä kysymys vai väite. Do you get along with your parents? Is your Dad angry with you? Not-sanan lyhenne n’t liitetään aina apuverbiin
Kahdenlaisia apuverbejä Taipumattomat (=modaaliset) apuverbit esiintyvät verbirakenteissa vain pääverbin kanssa. I can’t call you because Mom may hear me. BE, HAVE ja DO taipuvat persoonissa ja aikamuodoissa. Ne voivat toimia myös pääverbinä. I am very upset! I once had a dog.
Modaalisilla apuverbeillä ei ole kaikkia muotoja will would shall should ought to can could may might must
Be ja have taipuvat kaikissa aikamuodoissa ja persoonissa am, are, is was, were has been, have been had been will be would be would have been should be … has, have had has had, have had had had will have would have would have had should have …
Kiertoilmaisut Koska can ja may verbeillä on vain kaksi muotoa ( could ja might ) ja must verbillä vain yksi muoto, on muut muodot ilmaistava muilla keinoin. Be able to (=kyetä, pystyä, osata) Myös: manage to, know how to ym. Be allowed to (=saada lupa) Myös: be permitted to Have to (=pitää, täytyä) Myös: need to, be forced to, be compelled to, be obliged to
CAN eri merkityksiä: Osata, voida, kyetä, pystyä I can’t call you until I get my new mobile.  I won’t be able to call you… 2) Saada lupa I can’t go out tonight, because I’m grounded.  I’m not allowed to go out… 3) Olla mahdollista You can’t be serious!
MAY eri merkityksiä: Saada lupa May I answer the phone, please? (lupa läsnäolijoilta) Is it allowed to use a mobile here? (yleiset säännöt) 2) Saattaa, ehkä I may be a bit late. I might pop in for a while. Huom! Maybe = ehkä (may + be yhteen!)
MUST eri merkityksiä Pitää, täytyä, olla pakko I must go now. I have to be back by eight. Varmaankin You must be fed up with your parents! Huom! Mustn’t = ei saa Don’t have to = ei tarvitse
Be able to / Be allowed to + verbin perusmuoto BE taipuu, muut osat pysyvät samoina am/are/is was/were have been / has been + ALLOWED TO / had been ABLE TO + infinitiivi will be… I haven’t been able to sleep lately. I will be allowed to stay out until eleven on Fridays.
Have to HAVE taipuu, to + verbin perusmuoto pysyy samana. have / has had have had / has had + TO + infinitiivi had had will have… Did you have to please your elders when you were young? I had to buy another ticket for my little sister.

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Apuverbit 1

  • 1. Apuverbien tehtävä on auttaa Apuverbit toimivat rakennuspalikoina erilaisissa verbirakenteissa. I must stay at home tonight. I don’t want to upset my parents any further. Niiden paikka lauseessa ilmaisee, onko kyseessä kysymys vai väite. Do you get along with your parents? Is your Dad angry with you? Not-sanan lyhenne n’t liitetään aina apuverbiin
  • 2. Kahdenlaisia apuverbejä Taipumattomat (=modaaliset) apuverbit esiintyvät verbirakenteissa vain pääverbin kanssa. I can’t call you because Mom may hear me. BE, HAVE ja DO taipuvat persoonissa ja aikamuodoissa. Ne voivat toimia myös pääverbinä. I am very upset! I once had a dog.
  • 3. Modaalisilla apuverbeillä ei ole kaikkia muotoja will would shall should ought to can could may might must
  • 4. Be ja have taipuvat kaikissa aikamuodoissa ja persoonissa am, are, is was, were has been, have been had been will be would be would have been should be … has, have had has had, have had had had will have would have would have had should have …
  • 5. Kiertoilmaisut Koska can ja may verbeillä on vain kaksi muotoa ( could ja might ) ja must verbillä vain yksi muoto, on muut muodot ilmaistava muilla keinoin. Be able to (=kyetä, pystyä, osata) Myös: manage to, know how to ym. Be allowed to (=saada lupa) Myös: be permitted to Have to (=pitää, täytyä) Myös: need to, be forced to, be compelled to, be obliged to
  • 6. CAN eri merkityksiä: Osata, voida, kyetä, pystyä I can’t call you until I get my new mobile.  I won’t be able to call you… 2) Saada lupa I can’t go out tonight, because I’m grounded.  I’m not allowed to go out… 3) Olla mahdollista You can’t be serious!
  • 7. MAY eri merkityksiä: Saada lupa May I answer the phone, please? (lupa läsnäolijoilta) Is it allowed to use a mobile here? (yleiset säännöt) 2) Saattaa, ehkä I may be a bit late. I might pop in for a while. Huom! Maybe = ehkä (may + be yhteen!)
  • 8. MUST eri merkityksiä Pitää, täytyä, olla pakko I must go now. I have to be back by eight. Varmaankin You must be fed up with your parents! Huom! Mustn’t = ei saa Don’t have to = ei tarvitse
  • 9. Be able to / Be allowed to + verbin perusmuoto BE taipuu, muut osat pysyvät samoina am/are/is was/were have been / has been + ALLOWED TO / had been ABLE TO + infinitiivi will be… I haven’t been able to sleep lately. I will be allowed to stay out until eleven on Fridays.
  • 10. Have to HAVE taipuu, to + verbin perusmuoto pysyy samana. have / has had have had / has had + TO + infinitiivi had had will have… Did you have to please your elders when you were young? I had to buy another ticket for my little sister.